Publication Ethics

This journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics, based on the guidelines provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All parties involved in the publication process authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher are expected to adhere to the following ethical principles:

• Author Responsibilities: Authors must ensure that their manuscript is original, has not been published elsewhere, and is not under consideration by another journal. Proper citations must be provided for all referenced works. If the paper has multiple authors, each contributor’s role must be clearly stated.

• Editorial Responsibilities: Editors are responsible for making publication decisions based solely on academic merit, relevance to the journal’s scope, and the quality of the submission. Editors must maintain confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and avoid conflicts of interest.

• Reviewer Responsibilities: Reviewers are expected to provide constructive, objective, and timely feedback. They must treat the manuscript as confidential and must not use its content for personal advantage.

• Conflict of Interest: Any potential conflicts of interest must be disclosed by authors, editors, or reviewers that might influence the handling or outcome of the manuscript.

• Misconduct and Retraction: In cases of unethical behavior such as plagiarism, data fabrication, or duplicate submission, the journal reserves the right to reject or retract the manuscript and take necessary corrective actions.

• Open Access Policy: This journal supports global knowledge sharing by providing open access to all published content, encouraging transparency and the dissemination of research findings.